LIFE SAVING IRADIATION
Preserving Purity, Ensuring Safety

“Life Saving Irradiation”  symbolizes all the great innovations for the betterment of mankind that have been made possible with such an incredible and amazing discovery back in 1895. Yes,  that is 1895.

Whether at the airport, medical building receiving a blood transfusion or transplant, or eating a piece of fruit, irradiation is safe and effective at inactivating microbial threats and has certainly touched each and everyone’s life on a daily basis

In 2008, Rad Source introduced QUASTAR x-ray, a completely different technology than the the old x-ray of 1895. The pinnacle of x-ray innovation is QUASTAR x-ray and it has transformed the way businesses and scientist approach research. This proprietary x-ray technology was designed specifically for life science applications and boasts the world’s best dose uniformity available.

Let’s embrace a future where precision, efficiency, and safety converge to shape a brighter and healthier world.
A QUASTAR driven world.

QUASTAR is FDA cleared for and recognized as the World Leader in Blood Irradiation. A proven technology for the good of mankind. If you know of anyone that has had a blood transfusion or a transplant, chances are it was QUASTAR technology.

Life Saving Irradiation, a celebration in health.

Habitat

Mold is a type of fungus that can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including:​

​Indoor environments​
Mold can grow on a variety of surfaces inside buildings, such as walls, ceilings, flooring, and insulation. They thrive in warm and humid environments, such as bathrooms, kitchens, basements, and attics.​

​Outdoor environments​
Mold can also be found growing on plants, trees, and other organic materials in the environment. They can be found on soil, rotting wood, leaf litter, and other damp areas.​

​Food and agriculture​
Molds can grow on various food products, such as bread, fruits, vegetables, and cheeses. They can also be found in silage and other stored grains.​

​Industrial settings​
Molds can grow in industrial settings, such as paper mills, food processing plants, and textile factories.​

​Mold reproduces by releasing spores, which can be found in the air and can settle on any damp surface to grow, they can survive in a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels, and are able to grow on virtually any organic material.​

​*While most types of mold are not harmful, some can cause health problems. Molds can cause allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and other respiratory problems. Some molds can also produce toxic compounds called mycotoxins, which can cause serious health problems if ingested or inhaled​

Interesting Facts

• E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the human gut, as well as in soil and water.​
• ​Some strains of E. coli are harmless, while others can cause infections in humans and animals, such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, and diarrhea.​
• ​E. coli O157:H7 is a particularly dangerous strain of E. coli that can cause severe diarrhea and kidney failure, and is often associated with food poisoning.​
• ​E. coli can be spread through contact with contaminated water, food, or surfaces.​
• ​E. coli can also be spread through person-to-person contact, such as through shared personal items or through contact with an infected person’s open wounds.​
• ​E. coli can survive for short periods of time outside of a host, such as on surfaces or in water.​
• ​E. coli can also produce a variety of virulence factors such as toxins and adhesins that help the bacteria to colonize and infect the host.​
• ​In cannabis cultivation, E. coli can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for E. coli to grow.​
• ​To prevent E. coli growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper sanitation and hygiene practices in their grow rooms and equipment, such as regularly cleaning and sterilizing surfaces and tools. They should also use clean and treated water for irrigation, and avoid using soil or other materials that may be contaminated with E. coli.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a type of bacteria that can be a problem for cannabis growers, as it can cause plant disease and reduce the quality and safety of the final product. ​

​E. coli can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for E. coli to grow.​

​Symptoms of E. coli on cannabis plants include wilting and yellowing of leaves, brown or black spots on leaves, and in severe cases, plant death. The bacteria can also cause a bad smell, which can be noticed in the affected areas.​

​To prevent E. coli growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper sanitation and hygiene practices in their grow rooms and equipment, such as regularly cleaning and sterilizing surfaces and tools. It is important to use clean and treated water for irrigation, and avoid using soil or other materials that may be contaminated with E. coli.​

​If E. coli is found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent future E. coli growth. ​

​*It’s important to regularly test the water and soil used in the cultivation process to ensure they are free of harmful bacteria.​

​*Some strains of E.coli can cause infections in humans and animals if ingested, inhaled or come in contact with open wounds. ​

Therefore it is important to handle E.coli contaminated cannabis plants with care and to avoid consuming contaminated buds.​

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Interesting Facts

• Fusarium is a genus of fungi that includes over 300 species.​
• ​Fusarium can be found in a variety of environments including soil, air and plants.​
• ​Some species of Fusarium can cause infections in humans, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect the skin, nails, and eyes.​
• ​Some species of Fusarium produce mycotoxins, toxic compounds that can contaminate food and feed crops, and are harmful to humans and animals if ingested.​
• ​Fusarium can cause a variety of plant diseases, including wilt, root rot, and seedling blight.​
• ​Some species of Fusarium are known to be resistant to fungicides and can be difficult to control once an infection has occurred.​
• ​In cannabis cultivation, Fusarium can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Fusarium to grow.​
• ​To prevent Fusarium growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Fusarium, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed.​
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Habitat

Fusarium is a genus of filamentous fungi that includes several species that are important plant pathogens. They can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including:​

​Soil​
Fusarium species are commonly found in soil, where they can survive as saprophytes (organisms that feed on dead organic matter) or as plant pathogens. They can infect plants through the roots and cause root rot.​

​Plants​
Fusarium species can infect a wide variety of plants, including cereal crops, vegetables, and fruits. They can infect different parts of the plant, including the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds.​

​Air​
Fusarium species can release spores into the air, which can be transported by wind and water, and can infect plants through natural openings such as stomata or wounds.​

​Water​
Fusarium species can also be found in water, such as rivers, lakes and irrigation systems, and can infect plants by direct contact.​

​Storage facilities​
Fusarium species can infect stored grains and seeds, causing seedling blight and storage rot.​

​Fusarium species are able to survive in a wide range of environments, including warm and humid environments, they can grow in a pH range between 4 and 8, and they can survive in a wide range of temperatures.​

​Fusarium species are considered opportunistic pathogens, which means they can infect plants when the host is stressed, such as during drought, high temperatures, or nutrient deficiency.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Fusarium is a genus of fungi that can be a significant problem for cannabis growers, as it can cause plant disease and reduce the quality and safety of the final product. ​

​Fusarium can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Fusarium to grow.​

​To prevent Fusarium growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Fusarium, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed. Additionally, using clean and sterilized growing equipment, practicing good sanitation, and preventing over-watering can help prevent Fusarium growth.​

​If Fusarium is found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting environmental conditions to prevent future Fusarium growth. It is also important to use a fungicide or a biological control agent that is specifically targeted to Fusarium spp.​

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Interesting Facts

• Bile Tolerant (BT) is a property of some strains of bacteria, including some strains of E. coli, that allows them to survive and grow in the presence of bile.​
• ​Bile tolerance is an important characteristic of many bacteria that are responsible for causing infections in the gastrointestinal tract.​
• ​Bile tolerance is one of the factors that can contribute to the virulence of certain bacteria, as it allows them to persist in the gut despite the presence of bile.​
• ​Bile tolerance is also a trait often used in laboratory to select for strains of bacteria such as E. coli that are able to survive and grow in the presence of bile.​
• ​Some Bile Tolerant (BT) strains of E.coli are known to cause infections such as urinary tract infections, sepsis and meningitis.​
• ​The presence of bile tolerant strains of E.coli can indicate a colonization or infection in the gastrointestinal tract.​
• ​Bile tolerance is not a characteristic of all E.coli strains and only certain subtypes of E.coli are bile tolerant.​
• ​Bile tolerance is not typically a concern for cannabis growers as it is not a property that is found in bacteria that infect cannabis plants.​
• ​However, it is important for cannabis growers to practice good hygiene and sanitation practices to prevent the growth of any harmful bacteria in their grow rooms and on the plants.​

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Habitat

• Bile-tolerant gram-negative bacteria are typically found in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and humans. They can also be found in a variety of other environments, including in soil, water, and on plants. They can survive in a wide range of temperatures, pH levels, and nutrient conditions.​
• ​In the natural habitat, they are commonly found in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals, including cattle, pigs, and poultry, and can also be found in the intestines of wild animals. They can also be found in water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater, that are contaminated with animal or human waste.​
• ​In food production, these bacteria can be found in raw or undercooked meats, raw milk, and fresh produce that has come into contact with contaminated water or soil. They can also be found in ready-to-eat food that has been cross-contaminated with raw meats, or in food that has been handled by an infected person.​
• ​It is important to practice good hygiene and proper food handling, especially in food production, to reduce the risk of contamination with bile-tolerant gram-negative bacteria.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Bile Tolerant (BT) is a property of some strains of bacteria, including some strains of E. coli, that allows them to survive and grow in the presence of bile. Bile tolerance is an important characteristic of many bacteria that are responsible for causing infections in the gastrointestinal tract.​

​Bile tolerance is not typically a concern for cannabis growers as it is not a property that is found in bacteria that infect cannabis plants. However, it is important for cannabis growers to practice good hygiene and sanitation practices to prevent the growth of any harmful bacteria in their grow rooms and on the plants. This includes regularly cleaning and sterilizing equipment and surfaces, using clean and treated water for irrigation, and preventing over-watering.​

​If any bacteria are found on the plants, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent future bacterial growth. It is also important to consult with a specialist to determine the type of bacteria and the appropriate treatment.​

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Interesting Facts

• Coliform bacteria are a group of bacteria that are commonly found in the environment and include species such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae.​
• ​They are often used as indicators of sanitation and hygiene, as their presence in large numbers can indicate that other, potentially harmful bacteria are also present.​
• ​Coliform bacteria are found in the feces of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and are used to indicate the presence of fecal contamination in water, food, and other materials.​
• ​Coliform bacteria are commonly used as indicator organisms to assess the safety of drinking water and the sanitation of food production facilities.​
• ​Some coliform bacteria are pathogenic, meaning they can cause disease in humans and animals.​
• ​Coliform bacteria are also used to assess the safety of recreational waters, such as swimming pools, lakes and rivers.​
• ​Coliform bacteria are commonly found in soil and vegetation and are considered as a part of the normal microflora.​
• In cannabis cultivation, coliform bacteria can be introduced through a variety of means, such as contaminated water, soil, or equipment. High levels of coliform bacteria can cause problems for cannabis growers, as they can lead to reduced yields, lower-quality buds, and even plant death.​
• ​It’s important to regularly test the water and soil used in the cultivation process to ensure they are free of harmful bacteria.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Coliform bacteria are a group of bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, and include species such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These bacteria are often used as indicators of sanitation and hygiene, as their presence in large numbers can indicate that other, potentially harmful bacteria are also present.​

​In cannabis cultivation, coliform bacteria can be introduced through a variety of means, such as contaminated water, soil, or equipment. High levels of coliform bacteria can cause problems for cannabis growers, as they can lead to reduced yields, lower-quality buds, and even plant death.​

​To prevent coliform bacteria growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper sanitation and hygiene practices in their grow rooms and equipment, such as regularly cleaning and sterilizing surfaces and tools. They should also use clean and treated water for irrigation, and avoid using soil or other materials that may be contaminated with coliform bacteria.​

​If coliform bacteria are found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent future coliform bacteria growth. ​

​Additionally, it’s important to regularly test the water and soil used in the cultivation process to ensure they are free of harmful bacteria.​
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Interesting Facts

• Klebsiella is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that is commonly found in the human gut, as well as in soil and water.​
• ​Some strains of Klebsiella can cause infections in humans and animals, such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia.​
• ​Klebsiella pneumoniae is a subspecies of Klebsiella that can cause serious infections in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or diabetes.​
• ​Klebsiella pneumoniae is also known to be antibiotic-resistant, meaning it can survive treatment with many common antibiotics. This makes it a significant public health concern.​
• ​Klebsiella can also produce enzymes called carbapenemases, which can break down antibiotics and make the bacteria resistant to them.​
• ​Some strains of Klebsiella are able to produce a biofilm, a slimy layer that can protect the bacteria from antibiotics and host defenses.​
• ​Klebsiella can also produce a variety of virulence factors such as capsules, fimbriae and toxins that help the bacteria to colonize and infect the host.​
• ​Klebsiella is also known to be a common cause of infections in nosocomial settings, meaning it is often contracted during a hospital stay.​

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Habitat

Klebsiella bacteria that can be found in a variety of habitats:​

​Soil​
Klebsiella species can be found in soil, where they can survive as saprophytes (organisms that feed on dead organic matter) or as plant pathogens.​

​Water​
Klebsiella species can be found in water sources such as rivers, lakes, and irrigation systems, and can be spread through contaminated water.​

​Air​
Klebsiella species can be present in the air in the form of bacteria or spores.​

​Direct contact​
Klebsiella species can be spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as clothing or equipment.​

​Indirect contact​
Klebsiella species can be spread through indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as through the use of contaminated tools or equipment.​

​Animals​
Klebsiella species can be found on the skin, in the gut, and on other surfaces of animals, and can be spread through contact with animals or their products, such as milk or meat.​

​Food​
Some Klebsiella species can cause spoilage on food products, such as fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, and can be spread by consuming the contaminated food.​

​Human-made environments​
Klebsiella species can be found in human-made environments such as hospitals, buildings, and transportation systems, where they can survive in the presence of antiseptics and other cleaning agents. They are also commonly found in the gut and feces of humans and animals.​

​It’s important to note that while most species of Klebsiella are harmless and play a beneficial role in the environment, some species can cause infections in humans and animals, and can be responsible for spoilage of food products.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Klebsiella is a genus of bacteria that can be a problem for cannabis growers, as it can cause plant disease and reduce the quality and safety of the final product. Klebsiella can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Klebsiella to grow.​

​Symptoms of Klebsiella on cannabis plants include wilting and yellowing of leaves, brown or black spots on leaves, and in severe cases, plant death. The bacteria can also cause a bad smell, which can be noticed in the affected areas.​

​To prevent Klebsiella growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Klebsiella, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed. Additionally, using clean and sterilized growing equipment, practicing good sanitation, and preventing over-watering can help prevent Klebsiella growth.​

​If Klebsiella is found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting environmental conditions to prevent future Klebsiella growth. It is also important to use a fungicide or a biological control agent that is specifically targeted to Klebsiella spp.​

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Interesting Facts

• Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants, including cannabis, and is caused by different species of fungi depending on the host plant.​
• ​Powdery mildew is characterized by the development of white or grayish powdery spots on the leaves, stems, and buds of the affected plant.​
• ​The fungus can infect the plant through the stomata (pores) on the leaves and can spread quickly, especially in warm and humid conditions.​
• ​Powdery mildew can significantly reduce the growth and development of the affected plant, and can also reduce the yield and quality of the final product.​
• ​Some strains of powdery mildew have developed resistance to certain fungicides, making them more difficult to control.​
• ​Powdery mildew can also affect the aroma and taste of the affected plant, making it less desirable for certain uses.​
• ​Biological control methods such as the use of beneficial microorganisms and insects have been proven to be effective in controlling powdery mildew in cannabis plants.​
• ​Some cannabis strains are more resistant to powdery mildew than others, and some growers have achieved good results by selecting more resistant strains.​
• ​Powdery mildew can affect plants at any stage of growth, but is most common during the flowering stage, when the buds are developing.​

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Habitat

Powdery mildew is a type of fungus that affects a wide variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It typically grows on the leaves, stems, and buds of plants, where it forms a white or gray powdery coating.​

​Powdery mildew thrives in moist and humid environments, it requires high relative humidity (RH) to infect plants and grow, but it can survive and infect plants in lower humidity conditions. It typically grows best in temperatures between 60-80 °F (15-27 °C) and in low light intensities.​

​Powdery mildew is particularly prevalent in greenhouses and indoor growing environments where the humidity is higher. It can also be found in outdoor gardens and agricultural fields, especially in areas with high humidity and mild temperatures. It can infect plants in the wild, gardens, orchards, and greenhouses.​

​The spores of powdery mildew can be spread by wind and can also be spread by insects, such as aphids, which can carry spores from one plant to another. Once powdery mildew infects a plant, it can quickly spread to other plants in the same area.​

​*It’s important to note that while powdery mildew is not generally considered a serious threat to human health, it can cause significant damage to plants, reducing crop yields and causing unsightly blemishes on fruits and vegetables.​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants, including cannabis, and is caused by different species of fungi depending on the host plant.​

​Powdery mildew is characterized by the development of white or grayish powdery spots on the leaves, stems, and buds of the affected plant.​

​The fungus can infect the plant through the stomata (pores) on the leaves and can spread quickly, especially in warm and humid conditions.​

​Powdery mildew can significantly reduce the growth and development of the affected plant, and can also reduce the yield and quality of the final product.​

​Some strains of powdery mildew have developed resistance to certain fungicides, making them more difficult to control.​

​Powdery mildew can also affect the aroma and taste of the affected plant, making it less desirable for certain uses.​

​Biological control methods such as the use of beneficial microorganisms and insects have been proven to be effective in controlling powdery mildew in cannabis plants.​

​Some cannabis strains are more resistant to powdery mildew than others, and some growers have achieved good results by selecting more resistant strains.​

​Powdery mildew can affect plants at any stage of growth, but is most common during the flowering stage, when the buds are developing​

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Interesting Facts

• Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria that includes over 150 species.​
• ​Pseudomonas can be found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plant surfaces.​
• ​Some species of Pseudomonas can cause infections in humans, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect the lungs, urinary tract, and skin.​
• ​Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a species of Pseudomonas that is particularly known for its ability to cause infections in hospital settings and is often associated with nosocomial infections.​
• ​Some species of Pseudomonas can cause plant diseases and reduce the quality and safety of agricultural products.​
• ​Pseudomonas can produce a variety of enzymes and toxins that can help the bacteria to colonize and infect the host.​
• ​Some species of Pseudomonas are known to be resistant to antibiotics, making them difficult to treat once an infection has occurred.​
• ​In cannabis cultivation, Pseudomonas can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Pseudomonas to grow.​
• ​To prevent Pseudomonas growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Pseudomonas, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed​

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Habitat

Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria that can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including:​

​Water​
Pseudomonas species can be found in water sources such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, as well as in domestic water systems like wells, taps, and swimming pools. Some species of Pseudomonas can survive in freshwater, seawater, and even in nutrient-poor environments.​

​Soil​
Pseudomonas species can be found in soil, especially in environments with high levels of moisture. They can survive in different types of soil, including acidic, alkaline and saline soils.​

​Air​
Pseudomonas species can be present in the air in the form of bacteria or spores, and can be found in environments with high humidity, such as in greenhouses or in the tropics.​

​Plants​
Pseudomonas species can be found on the surface of plants, including leaves, stems, and roots. Some species can cause plant diseases, such as wilting, leaf spot, and root rot.​

​Animals​
Pseudomonas species can be found on the skin, in the gut, and on other surfaces of animals, and can be found in environments such as livestock farms, veterinarian clinics, and zoos.​

​Industrial environments​
Pseudomonas species can be found in industrial environments such as food processing plants, oil refineries, and waste treatment plants, where they can survive in the presence of heavy metals, organic solvents and other harsh conditions.​

​Human-made environments​
Pseudomonas species can be found in human-made environments such as hospitals, buildings, and transportation systems, where they can survive in the presence of antiseptics and other cleaning agents.​

​It’s important to note that while most species of Pseudomonas are harmless and play a beneficial role in the environment, some species can cause infections in humans and animals, and can be responsible for spoilage of food products,​

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria that can be a problem for cannabis growers, as it can cause plant disease and reduce the quality and safety of the final product. ​

​Pseudomonas can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Pseudomonas to grow.​

​Symptoms of Pseudomonas on cannabis plants include wilting and yellowing of leaves, brown or black spots on leaves, and in severe cases, plant death. The bacteria can also cause a bad smell, which can be noticed in the affected areas.​

​To prevent Pseudomonas growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Pseudomonas, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed. ​

​Using clean and sterilized growing equipment, practicing good sanitation, and preventing over-watering can help prevent Pseudomonas growth.​

​If Pseudomonas is found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting environmental conditions to prevent future Pseudomonas growth. ​

​*It is also important to use a fungicide or a biological control agent that is specifically targeted to Pseudomonas spp.​

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Reproduction

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that reproduces through a process called binary fission. This means that the bacteria divides itself in half, creating two identical daughter cells. 

The process of binary fission occurs rapidly, allowing Salmonella populations to increase quickly.

Salmonella can infect a wide range of animals including birds, reptiles, and mammals and can survive in their gut and in some cases in their bloodstream. In the gut, Salmonella can multiply and cause diarrhea and other symptoms of food poisoning in humans and animals.

*To prevent the spread of Salmonella, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly and frequently, and to cook food properly. 

* It is important to avoid cross-contamination by keeping raw meats separate from other foods, and to clean and sanitize surfaces, equipment, and utensils that come into contact with food.

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Cannabis plants can be susceptible to bacterial infections, including Salmonella. Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans, and can also infect plants.​

​Salmonella can infect cannabis plants through contaminated water, soil, or equipment. The bacteria can survive in a wide range of temperatures and environments, and can survive for several weeks in moist environments, and can survive for several months in dried form, depending on the conditions. In cannabis, it can cause wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant, and can also infect the buds, which may make the product unsafe for consumption.​

​To prevent the spread of Salmonella in cannabis plants, it is important to practice good hygiene and sanitation. This includes washing hands thoroughly and frequently, and cleaning and sanitizing equipment, tools and surfaces that come into contact with the plants or the soil. It is also important to use clean and pathogen-free soil or growing medium, and to avoid reusing soil, containers or tools from previous crops that may have been contaminated.​

​It’s important to note that Salmonella is not a common pathogen in cannabis cultivation, and that many other pathogens and pests can affect cannabis plants. ​
​
It’s important to be aware that Salmonella can cause a serious illness in humans, so it’s important to handle cannabis plants with care and to avoid consuming any contaminated product.​

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Interesting Facts

• ​Yeast is a type of fungus that is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, air, and on plants.​
• ​Yeast is important in the production of fermented foods and beverages, such as bread, beer, and wine.​
• ​Yeast is used in the production of a variety of enzymes and other industrial products, such as biofuels, antibiotics, and vaccines.​
• ​Yeast can cause infections in humans, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect the skin, nails, and other areas.​
• ​Yeast can cause infections in plants, such as leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot.​
• ​Some species of Yeast can produce mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds that can contaminate food and feed crops, and are harmful to humans and animals if ingested.​
• ​Yeast can survive in harsh conditions such as high temperatures and dryness, and are able to germinate and infect the host once conditions become favorable.​

​In cannabis cultivation, Yeast can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for Yeast to grow.​

​To prevent yeast growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of Yeast, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed.

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RELATIONSHIP TO CANNABIS​

Yeast is a type of fungus that can be a problem for cannabis growers, as it can cause plant disease and reduce the quality and safety of the final product. Yeast can infect cannabis plants through wounds or natural openings, and it can cause leaf spot, stem rot, and root rot. High humidity and poor air circulation can create the ideal conditions for yeast to grow.​

​Symptoms of yeast on cannabis plants include wilting and yellowing of leaves, brown or black spots on leaves, and in severe cases, plant death. The yeast can also cause a bad smell, which can be noticed in the affected areas.​

​To prevent yeast growth, cannabis growers should maintain proper humidity levels (usually between 40-60%) and provide adequate ventilation to their grow rooms. They should also carefully monitor their plants for signs of yeast, such as discolored or wilted leaves, and address any issues as soon as they are noticed. ​

​Additionally, using clean and sterilized growing equipment, practicing good sanitation, and preventing over-watering can help prevent yeast growth.​

​If yeast is found, it is important to take immediate action to address the problem, such as removing and disposing of affected plants, cleaning and sterilizing the grow room, and adjusting environmental conditions to prevent future yeast growth.

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BEAM SYMMETRY – QUASTAR OUTSHINES
The more you know.

The image on the right is a visualization showing the difference in the beam symmetry between QUASTAR and point source.  Though the beams are different shapes in reality (discussed on this site in further detail), this figure represents looking down on the cannabis target from the top of the chamber.  

Beam Intensity Variations
Cannabis placed closer to the point source x-ray beam (top of cone shape) will receive a more intense dose of radiation than cannabis placed further away and this variation in intensity can lead to non-uniform decontamination.

Anode Heel Effect
a phenomenon where the intensity of the x-ray beam is reduced on the side of the tube closest to the anode.  This effect can lead to an uneven distribution of radiation across the cannabis, with one side potentially receiving less radiation than the other.

Beam Symmetry and Uniformity
Achieving perfect beam symmetry and uniformity is challenging with point source x-rays. Even slight misalignments or variations in the x-ray tube or its components can lead to asymmetric radiation fields. This asymmetry can result in uneven treatment, affecting both safety and product quality.

Product Positioning and Orientation
The positioning and orientation of the cannabis relative to the point source beam can greatly affect the dose received.  Consistent and precise positioning is essential to ensure each batch of cannabis receives a consistent radiation dose.

Throughput and Efficiency
The throughput (volume or amount of cannabis processed) is reduced due to the smaller area being irradiated near the top of the beam (funnel shape ).  On the other hand, placing the cannabis further from the source increases the throughput but at the expense of decreased intensity and potentially longer processing times.

Safety and Regulatory
Given that the end-product is consumed or used therapeutically, ensuring that decontamination doesn’t produce any harmful by-products or residues is crucial.  Dose uinformity is a must.

OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS WITH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

Advanced X-ray technologies like QUASTAR X-ray address the limitations of point source irradiation and offer superior performance for cannabis decontamination:

Proprietary X-ray Tube Design
A unique design allows QUASTAR X-rays to pass through the entire product, eliminating the heel effect and ensuring uniform irradiation.

Higher Energy X-rays
QUASTAR generates higher energy X-rays (harder), providing enhanced penetration power and effective decontamination of denser products.

Consistent Irradiation
Advanced beam stability mechanisms ensure reliable and repeatable dose delivery.

Regulatory Compliance
QUASTAR meets or exceeds industry standards for cannabis decontamination, ensuring product safety and regulatory compliance.

In conclusion, beam hardness plays a critical role in cannabis decontamination, and advanced X-ray technologies like QUASTAR offer superior performance compared to point source irradiation. Their ability to provide uniform irradiation, enhanced penetration power, consistent dose delivery, and regulatory compliance makes them the preferred choice for ensuring the safety and quality of cannabis products.

BEAM FLATNESS – QUASTAR OUTSHINES POINT SOURCE

Beam flatness refers to the uniformity of the x-ray beam’s intensity across its entire cross-sectional area. In simpler terms, it’s about ensuring the x-ray beam has a consistent strength from its center to its edges.

In cannabis decontamination, beam flatness is important because it ensures that all parts of the cannabis product are exposed to the same amount of radiation. This is necessary to achieve effective decontamination.

If the beam is not flat, some parts of the product may be over-irradiated and others may be under-irradiated. This can reduce the effectiveness of the decontamination process and may also damage the product.

A number of factors can affect beam flatness, including design of the x-ray source, distance between x-ray source and product (cannabis), and the type of product being decontaminated. It is important to carefully consider all of these factors when selecting an x-ray decontamination system.

It is important to note that point-source x-rays have a number of inherent limitations, including but limited to penetration power. These limitations make them less than ideal for cannabis decontamination – choose your technology wisely.

DOSE UNIFORMITY: THE CORNERSTONE OF EFFECTIVE CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION

In the intricate realm of cannabis decontamination, dose uniformity reigns supreme. It dictates whether every molecule within the flower receives the necessary punch to eliminate lurking pathogens, while safeguarding the precious cannabinoids and terpenes that define the plant’s magic. Understanding and achieving this essential principle is crucial for ensuring both safety and quality in every cannabis product.

Unveiling the Determinants of Uniformity:
Three key factors orchestrate the symphony of dose uniformity:

Beam Penetration
Can the chosen agent reach the flower’s innermost crevices, where stubborn microbes might hide?

Beam Flatness
Does the agent distribute its potency evenly across the entire flower, or does it favor certain areas, leaving vulnerable pockets?

Beam Symmetry
Does the agent deliver its power consistently regardless of the flower’s orientation, or are there blind spots due to an asymmetrical approach?

The Inevitable Limits of Surface-Level Solutions:

Some non-irradiating methods, like ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gas treatments, excel at surface sanitation. However, their inherent inability to penetrate the flower’s dense structure leaves them vulnerable to the uniformity conundrum. They become mere surface warriors, leaving deeper-dwelling microbes unscathed and creating dose inconsistency – a recipe for potential safety hazards.

Irradiation: A Deeper Dive into Uniformity:

Fortunately, irradiation technologies rise to the challenge, wielding penetrating energies that dance through the flower’s labyrinthine architecture. X-rays, in particular, bathe the cannabis in a potent storm of photons, leaving no nook or cranny untouched. This inherent ability to access every molecule within the flower paves the way for true dose uniformity.

QUASTAR® X-ray: Supercharging Penetration for Unmatched Uniformity:

Amongst irradiation technologies, QUASTAR® X-ray emerges as a champion of uniformity. Its potent high-energy photon storm, boasting twice the penetrating power of traditional point-source X-rays, effortlessly navigates even the densest floral structures. This translates to unparalleled dose consistency, ensuring every microbe encounters its demise regardless of its internal hideout.

The Power of Consistent Elimination
The impact of superior penetration is profound. QUASTAR® X-ray’s dose uniformity not only enhances overall safety by eradicating deeply embedded pathogens but also preserves product quality. By avoiding hotspots and uneven irradiation, the delicate cannabinoids and terpenes remain unharmed, allowing the flower to retain its full therapeutic and sensory potential.

Unifying the Standard: Dose Uniformity for All
Ultimately, selecting a cannabis decontamination technology hinges on its ability to achieve true dose uniformity. Regardless of the chosen method, be it irradiation or otherwise, judging its efficacy based on its capacity to reach and neutralize pathogens in every corner of the product is paramount. Surface-level approaches, while convenient, simply cannot compete with the comprehensive power of deep penetration and consistent dose distribution.

In conclusion, dose uniformity is the silent hero of cannabis decontamination. It safeguards both consumer safety and product quality, ensuring the cannabis industry thrives on a foundation of trust and excellence.

By prioritizing this vital principle and harnessing the transformative power of technologies like QUASTAR X-ray, we can usher in a new era of safe, consistent, and high-quality cannabis experiences.

FDA READY: QUASTAR DECONTAMINATION – CULTIVATING CONFIDENCE IN A CHANGING LANDSCAPE

As the cannabis industry evolves, regulatory landscapes shift. While FDA approval for cannabis-specific applications remains on the horizon, QUASTAR X-ray decontamination technology stands out with its existing FDA clearance for blood irradiation. This crucial distinction offers cultivators a distinct advantage in a potentially dynamic regulatory environment.

Shortcuts to Compliance – Traditional cannabis decontamination technologies such as point source x-ray may face more rigorous and drawn-out FDA approval processes if regulations adopt a stricter stance. QUASTAR, already cleared for a closely related use, enjoys a smoother potential pathway to compliance. Cultivators choosing QUASTAR today invest in a future-proof solution, minimizing disruptions and delays should FDA regulations evolve.

Peace of Mind in Uncertainty – Navigating regulatory uncertainty can be daunting. QUASTAR’s existing FDA clearance provides an extra layer of confidence and security. With proven efficacy and established safety protocols, QUASTAR allows cultivators to focus on what they do best – growing high-quality cannabis, not worrying about regulatory hurdles.

Time is Money – Regulatory compliance, when mandatory, translates to downtime and lost revenue. QUASTAR’s head start in the regulatory race means faster adaptation and shorter lead times should cannabis decontamination become subject to stricter regulations. By choosing QUASTAR, cultivators cultivate not only compliant cannabis but also financial resilience in the face of changing regulations.

Embrace the Future of Cannabis – QUASTAR’s existing FDA clearance positions it as a frontrunner in the potential future of cannabis decontamination. By investing in QUASTAR today, cultivators embrace a proactive approach, safeguarding their businesses and positioning themselves for success in a potentially more regulated market.

Don’t wait for regulations to catch up – choose QUASTAR and cultivate your future with confidence.

SHINING THE LIGHT ON PURITY: WHY PHOTONIC DECONTAMINATION MATTERS

In the pursuit of safe and enjoyable cannabis, eliminating harmful pathogens without compromising the plant’s integrity is paramount. Photonic Decontamination™, powered by the science of light, emerges as a powerful solution that delivers on both fronts.

Unlike some decontamination methods that leave behind unwanted chemical residues, Photonic Decontamination relies on pure light to neutralize pathogens. This translates to pristine cannabis, free from any lingering contaminants. This commitment to residual-free purity ensures consumer safety and aligns with the growing demand for natural, unadulterated products.

Furthermore, the gentle touch of light protects the delicate cannabinoids and terpenes responsible for the plant’s unique effects and fragrance. This preserves the essence of the cannabis experience for both medical and recreational users.

Photonic Decontamination leverages the power of targeted wavelengths of light to disrupt the DNA of pathogens, rendering them inactive. This scientifically proven approach boasts superior efficacy against a broad spectrum of threats, including mold, bacteria, and viruses, ensuring comprehensive decontamination.

The targeted nature of light minimizes the risk of damage to the delicate flower structure and trichomes, preserving the visual appeal and optimal yields desired by producers and processors. Beyond its immediate benefits, Photonic Decontamination aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable practices in the cannabis industry. By eliminating the need for harsh chemicals and their associated waste, it contributes to a greener future.

In a world where consumers increasingly prioritize clean, safe, and potent cannabis, Photonic Decontamination stands out as a revolutionary approach. It’s a commitment to science-backed purity, residual-free enjoyment, and a sustainable future for the industry.

Choose Photonic Decontamination. Choose the future of clean and safe cannabis.

A BRIGHTER PATH FOR CANNABIS SAFETY: PHOTONIC DECONTAMINATION

In the quest for safe and potent cannabis, minimizing chemical interventions while maximizing thorough decontamination is paramount. Photonic Decontamination™, powered by the science of light, emerges as a revolutionary solution, offering compelling advantages over traditional methods like ozone-based decontamination.

Uncompromising Purity – Unlike ozone or hydrogen peroxide, which can potentially degrade precious cannabinoids and terpenes, Photonic Decontamination relies on targeted wavelengths of light, leaving the plant’s essential chemistry untouched and vibrant. This translates to preserved potency, aroma, and therapeutic effects, delighting both medical and recreational users.

Quality Uncompromised – Harsh chemicals can leave behind unwanted residues and alter the delicate sensory profile of cannabis. Photonic Decontamination, devoid of chemical byproducts, respects the natural characteristics of the cannabis flower. The result is untainted purity and a faithful representation of the plant’s unique qualities.

Broad-Spectrum Protection – While ozone might fall short against certain pathogens, Photonic Decontamination unleashes its power against a wide spectrum of threats. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi alike face the irresistible force of targeted light, ensuring comprehensive protection for your precious harvest.

Uniform Irradiation – Forget the uneven coverage sometimes associated with ozone. Photonic Decontamination bathes the plant in a consistent bath of light, reaching every nook and cranny, leaving no room for microbial survivors. This translates to unwavering peace of mind and confidence in the safety of your product.

Scalability for Growth – Whether you’re a craft cultivator or a large-scale processor, Photonic Decontamination adapts to your needs. Its modular design allows for flexible scaling, effortlessly accommodating both humble beginnings and ambitious expansions.

Compliance with Confidence – Rest assured, Photonic Decontamination meets or exceeds industry standards for cannabis decontamination. This allows you to operate with unwavering compliance and deliver safe, high-quality products that earn the trust of consumers and regulators alike.

In a world striving for cleaner, safer cannabis, Photonic Decontamination illuminates a brighter path. It’s a commitment to chemical-free purity, uncompromising quality, and comprehensive protection, paving the way for a future where every inhale celebrates the plant’s natural glory.

Choose Photonic Decontamination. Choose the future of safe and vibrant cannabis.

EMBRACING PRECISION: THE SCIENCE BEHIND CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION

In the pursuit of safe and potent cannabis, uncompromising control and unwavering results reign supreme. Rad Source steps onto the scene, not just to offer clean cannabis, but to elevate the standard with a commitment to unwavering quality, uncompromising safety, and absolute confidence.

Our secret weapon? X-ray technology designed for life sciences. Unlike generic irradiation methods, these meticulously crafted systems deliver unmatched beam uniformity and precise dosing, ensuring consistent, reliable decontamination across every flower. No microbial misfits survive this Photon Storm™.

But peace-of-mind transcends technology. We understand that every grower has unique needs. That’s why the Rad Source family offers a spectrum of solutions. From the small-batch connoisseur to the large-scale cultivator, we have the tailored answer to fit your vision.

And for those embracing on-site control, our cabinet point-source X-ray systems shine brightest. Eliminate the risks and expenses associated with external processing. Keep your flowers within the chain of custody, where you maintain complete control. Adapt your schedule, reduce transportation delays, and fast-track your time-to-market. On-site decontamination empowers you to deliver clean, safe cannabis with confidence and speed.

Ultimately, the choice between on-site and external solutions is yours. But remember, in a world striving for unwavering cannabis safety, Rad Source offers more than just technology. We offer a pathway to absolute trust, paved with unmatched precision, tailored solutions, and the power of on-site control.

Choose Rad Source. Choose uncompromising cannabis safety. Choose the future of peace of mind.

DECONTAMINATION IN A POUCH: SAFEGUARDING THE ESSENCE OF CANNABIS

In the quest for safe and potent cannabis, the final stages of processing hold immense importance. Yet, some decontamination methods such as ozone (03) or Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) often pose challenges, potentially impacting the delicate flower structure and precious cannabinoids. Photonic Decontamination, a novel x-ray approach – offers cannabis decontamination in a bag.

Imagine a process that protects the natural beauty and integrity of your carefully cultivated flowers while effectively eliminating harmful pathogens. This is the promise of bag-based decontamination. By encasing the cannabis in a flexible, sealed pouch, we create a controlled environment for precise and gentle treatment.

Uncompromising Efficacy – Unlike harsh chemical washes or ozone exposure, bag-based decontamination leverages the power of targeted wavelengths of light. This Photonic Decontamination™ technology disrupts the DNA of pathogens, rendering them inactive, all within the confines of the sealed pouch. This not only ensures comprehensive decontamination but also minimizes the risk of cross-contamination.

Preserving the Essence – The gentle nature of light means your precious trichomes and cannabinoids remain untouched. Terpenes, responsible for the plant’s unique aroma and flavor profile, are spared, ensuring that the sensory experience of your cannabis remains uncompromised. This translates to happy customers and a commitment to quality you can stand behind.

Convenience and Scalability – Bag-based decontamination offers unparalleled ease of use. Simply place the filled pouch within the designated chamber, and the process takes care of itself. This streamlines your workflow and minimizes the need for extensive cleaning or equipment maintenance. Furthermore, the modular design allows for flexible scaling, seamlessly adapting to your production needs, whether you’re a boutique cultivator or a large-scale processor.

Transparency and Trust – Decontamination within a sealed pouch enhances transparency. You can observe the entire process with ease, fostering trust and confidence in your commitment to safety and quality. This translates to stronger relationships with consumers and regulators alike.

In conclusion, cannabis decontamination in a bag represents a paradigm shift in ensuring the safety and quality of your product. By embracing this innovative approach, you safeguard not only the physical wellbeing of your consumers but also the essence and character of your meticulously cultivated cannabis. Choose bag-based decontamination. Choose to deliver the promise of clean, safe, and vibrant cannabis experiences.

PROTECTING THE ESSENCE: WHY AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DECONTAMINATION MATTERS

Preserving the full spectrum of a cannabis flower’s qualities – its potency, aroma, and delicate structure – is paramount for farmers and consumers alike. Traditional decontamination methods often rely on heat or chemicals, introducing risks of degrading precious terpenes, cannabinoids, and even causing physical damage to the plant material. Thankfully, ambient temperature decontamination technology like Photonic Decontamination™ emerges as a game-changer in this critical step.

No Heat, No Compromise: The beauty of ambient temperature approaches lies in their gentle touch.

By operating at room temperature, they eliminate the risks associated with heat exposure, ensuring:

Preserved Potency and Aroma – Heat-sensitive terpenes and cannabinoids, responsible for the plant’s unique effects and fragrance, remain untouched. This translates to uncompromised efficacy and a rich terpene profile, delighting both medical and recreational users.

Maintaining Flower Integrity – Delicate trichomes and the overall structure of the flower stay protected from potential heat-induced damage. This means preserved visual appeal and optimal extraction yields, crucial for producers and processors.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability – Lower energy consumption compared to heat-based methods translates to cost savings and environmental benefits. Reducing the operational footprint aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable practices in the cannabis industry.

QUASTAR – PROVEN TECHNOLOGY, PROVEN RESULTS
Don’t be fooled by point source decontamination claims.  

QUASTAR X-ray has long been at the forefront of cannabis microbial decontamination, harnessing the power of ionizing irradiation to pioneer groundbreaking solutions in the sector. With an established history and a wealth of studies underpinning its efficacy, QUASTAR’s through transmission X-ray technology stands as a testament to innovation and effectiveness.

Foundational Differences in X-Ray Generation
The core distinction lies in how the X-rays are produced. QUASTAR’s through transmission X-ray and Point Source’s technology employ fundamentally different mechanisms. This difference impacts not just the type of X-rays generated but also their behavior, interaction, and, most critically, their effectiveness in decontamination processes.

Cannabis Decontamination Discrepancies
How an X-ray interacts with cannabis to achieve microbial decontamination is pivotal. Given the distinct X-ray generation methods, it’s logical to conclude that QUASTAR and Point Source will have different decontamination nuances leading to varying levels of dose uniformity, efficacy, and reliability in the decontamination process.

Empirical Evidence Matters
QUASTAR’s X-ray technology boasts a robust array of independent studies that validate its claims as the only proven X-ray powered cannabis decontamination source, making its contribution to the cannabis industry both tangible and trustworthy. Point Source, being a late entrant, lacks this empirical backing. Without dedicated studies supporting its claims, it remains uncharted territory.  Would you trust your business to an unproven technology?

Inappropriate Equivalence
It’s a fallacy to assume that the success of one technology can be seamlessly transplanted to another, especially when the foundational mechanisms differ. QUASTAR’s results, derived from its unique through transmission X-ray technology, are tailored to its specific design and function in life science irradiation. Leveraging these results to vouch for Point Source is not only scientifically unsound but also misleading.

KEY
In conclusion, while the cannabis industry continues to evolve with new technologies and solutions focused on cannabis decontamination, it’s paramount to base decisions on evidence, understanding, and transparency. Point Source, or any other technology, must pave its path and validate its claims independently.

QUASTAR’s legacy in the field of cannabis microbial decontamination remains unparalleled, and its results are uniquely its own. 

Photonic Decontamination of Cannabis Flowers: Insights from the Ohio Study

Abstract:
This study investigated the efficacy of photonic decontamination, a light-based method, in eliminating microbial contamination on cannabis flowers. Three strains were analyzed to assess the impact on both microbial reduction and the chemical profile of the flowers.

Methods:
Pre- and post-treatment samples were analyzed for microbial load using standard cultivation and qPCR techniques. Terpene and cannabinoid levels were assessed using HPLC-MS. Photonic decontamination was applied at varying dosages (900-3000 Gy).

Results:
Pre-treatment, all samples (n=X) were microbiologically contaminated. Following treatment at 2200 Gy, 100% of samples (n=X) passed microbial testing, demonstrating complete elimination of detectable contamination across all strains. Microbial load reduction exhibited a dose-dependent effect, with Strain 1 showing the largest decrease at 2000 Gy and Strain 2 exhibiting consistent reductions across all dosages (95-100%). Chemical analysis revealed minimal to no significant changes in terpenes and cannabinoid levels post-treatment, indicating preservation of the flowers’ unique properties.

Conclusions:
Photonic decontamination at 2200 Gy effectively eliminated microbial contamination in diverse cannabis strains, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective decontamination method. Notably, optimal dosage may vary depending on the strain and initial contamination level.

Future Potential Steps:
•  Optimize treatment protocols for specific strains and contamination levels.
•  Evaluate the effectiveness against other relevant bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants.
•  Explore potential implications for broader application in agricultural settings.

California Study Investigates QUASTAR® Efficacy against Aspergillus in Cannabis

Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of QUASTAR® X-ray technology in decontaminating cannabis flower contaminated with Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus). Additionally, it compared various detection methods for identifying the presence of Aspergillus.

Methods:
Independent external laboratory analyzed pre- and post-treatment samples from diverse cannabis strains. QUASTAR® X-ray treatment at 2000 Gy was employed. Microbial load was assessed using qPCR and plate counting methods.

Results:
50% of untreated control samples were positive for Aspergillus. Following QUASTAR® treatment, 100% of samples passed Aspergillus testing, demonstrating effectiveness across all strains. qPCR data revealed substantial reductions in Aspergillus levels, reaching below the limit of quantification (99.99% reduction) for most strains.

Conclusions:
QUASTAR® X-ray treatment at 2000 Gy effectively eliminated Aspergillus contamination from diverse cannabis strains, achieving compliance with potential regulatory standards. Further research is recommended to explore strain-specific optimal dosages, long-term effects on the flower profile, and potential impact on microbial ecology.

Key Observations:
•  QUASTAR® demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in Aspergillus contamination compared to controls.
•  qPCR proved more sensitive than plate counting for detecting and quantifying Aspergillus levels.

Investigating Photonic Decontamination Efficacy across Cannabis Configurations: The Florida Study

Abstract:
This study explored the effectiveness of photonic decontamination, a light-based method, in eliminating microbial contamination on different configurations of cannabis (flower, grind, and pre-roll). Additionally, it assessed the impact of varying treatment dosages (0-3000 Gy) and potential alterations in cannabinoid and terpene profiles.

Methods:
Diverse cannabis samples were analyzed for pre-treatment microbial load. Following photonic decontamination at six dosage levels, samples were assessed for viable microbial load using standard cultivation and qPCR techniques. Terpene and cannabinoid levels were evaluated using HPLC-MS to assess potential chemical changes.

Results:
All untreated control samples (n=X) exhibited microbial contamination. Decontamination at 1000 Gy was sufficient for flower samples to pass microbial testing, while grind and pre-roll configurations required a higher dosage of 2200 Gy to achieve compliance.

Notably, the effectiveness of photonic decontamination remained consistent regardless of packing density (loose or tight). Chemical analysis revealed minimal to no significant changes in terpenes and cannabinoid levels across all treatment levels and configurations, indicating preservation of the flower’s unique properties.

Conclusions:
Photonic decontamination demonstrated substantial efficacy in eliminating microbial contamination on different cannabis configurations, with optimal dosages varying slightly depending on the form (flower, grind, or pre-roll). Notably, packing density did not influence the treatment’s effectiveness.

PEACE-OF-MIND MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION™
Pass State Mandated Microbial Testing with 99.9% Confidence™

In the ever-evolving world of cannabis cultivation, the safety and purity of the product remain paramount. As a cultivator, ensuring that your cannabis meets the highest quality standards not only serves your consumers but also positions your brand as trustworthy and reliable.

The QUASTAR X-ray tube/emitter, is the pinnacle of decontamination technology, designed to instill the utmost confidence in the heart of every cultivator.

Technology Choices Matter, Choose Wisely™

When it comes to decontaminating cannabis, the goal is clear – eliminate microbials without compromising the integrity of the product. The QUASTAR X-ray tube/emitter achieves this feat with unparalleled precision and efficiency.

Offering a staggering “99.9% confidence to pass state-mandated testing for microbials”, this state-of-the-art tool promises an unparalleled QUASTAR decontamination process. As a cultivator, this translates to fewer worries about product recalls, penalties, or reputational damages. It ensures that what reaches the market is not just compliant, but also represents the epitome of quality.

WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS SAY ABOUT RAD SOURCE

QUASTAR – A proven cannabis decontamination technology

Peace-of-Mind

“The Rad Source gives me Peace-of-Mind that no change in operating procedures or any other piece of technology has given me.”
– Midsize Grower

Flower Integrity

“0% impact to product! 100% pass rate!”
– Midsize Grower

Flawless

“When the equipment is working it’s absolutely flawless”
– Midsize Grower

FLOWER FRIENDLY PROCESS, POTENT, AND SAFE: THE BENEFITS OF PHOTONIC DECONTAMINATION 

For cannabis cultivators, ensuring flower quality goes beyond just achieving high yields. It’s about delivering a safe, potent, and enjoyable product to your customers. Traditional decontamination methods, like chemicals and ozone, often compromise the very qualities you strive for. That’s where Rad Source’s photonic decontamination shines.

Gentle on Flower, Tough on Contaminants:

Preserves Potency and Flavor – Unlike harsh chemicals and ozone, photonic decontamination leaves cannabinoids, THC/CBD, and terpenes untouched. This means your customers experience the full potential of your flowers, with no compromise on taste or aroma.

Maintains Physical Integrity – Say goodbye to damaged trichomes and fragile buds. Photonic decontamination uses gentle X-rays, ensuring your flowers emerge with their delicate structures intact.

Room-Temperature Process – No more risking decarboxylation. Photonic decontamination operates at room temperature, preserving the natural state of your flowers.

There are several benefits of ambient temperature cannabis decontamination

Preservation of Terpenes and Cannabinoids

Many of the beneficial compounds in cannabis, including terpenes and cannabinoids, can be sensitive to heat. Using an ambient temperature decontamination process ensures that these compounds are not degraded or volatilized, thereby maintaining the product’s potency, efficacy, and aromatic profile.

Energy Efficiency

Ambient temperature processes typically require less energy compared to methods that involve heating or cooling. This can translate to lower operational costs and a reduced environmental footprint.

No Thermal Stress

Fluctuations in temperature can sometimes introduce stress to the plant material, potentially altering its texture, appearance, or structural integrity. An ambient temperature process avoids these potential pitfalls, ensuring the cannabis retains its natural state post-decontamination.

Safety

Processes that don’t involve extreme temperatures can reduce the risk of burns or injuries in the workplace. They can also reduce the risk of fires or equipment malfunctions associated with heating elements or cooling systems.

Consistency

Ambient temperature decontamination can offer a consistent and reproducible method, ensuring that every batch of cannabis treated undergoes the same level of purification without variations that might arise from temperature fluctuations.

Shorter Processing Time

Methods that require heating or cooling might necessitate waiting periods for the product to reach the desired temperature or return to room temperature post-treatment. Ambient temperature processes can often be faster as they bypass these waiting periods.

The cost considerations of point source disposable x-ray tubes

The point source x-ray tube is “disposable”.

It has an infinite life based on it usage, output, applications and so on.

Traditionally most point source applications are imaging. Imaging is typically occurring over a short period of time such as when you go to the dentist, the x-rays are captured instantaneously. A dental imaging tube lasting many years is possible in the fore mentioned scenario.

The irradiation/decontamination of cannabis is a long-term process taking many hours with some point source manufacturers taking up to 18 hours for a small volume sample. A careful understanding on the long-term use of an x-ray tube designed for imaging should be carefully considered when compared with the totally different repairable QUASTAR x-ray source.

The key differences between repairable and non-repairable x-ray sources have several implications – particularly in terms of operational longevity, cost-efficiency, and sustainability.

Here’s a detailed look into some of the benefits of a repairable X-ray source, such as the QUASTAR through transmission X-ray, compared to non-repairable point source X-ray tubes:

Cost-Efficiency Over Time

One of the most apparent advantages of a repairable x-ray source is the potential for significant cost savings. Instead of having to purchase an entirely new unit when a component fails or deteriorates, as you would with a non-repairable x-ray tube, you can simply replace or repair the faulty part. This often results in a lower total cost of ownership over the equipment’s lifecycle.

Operational Longevity

A repairable x-ray source such as the QUASTAR, by its very nature, is designed to have a longer operational life. As parts wear out or if minor damages occur, they can be repaired or replaced, allowing the machine to continue functioning optimally. This contrasts with non-repairable point source tubes, where even minor failures can necessitate complete replacements.

Reduced Downtime

Being able to repair a malfunctioning x-ray source means that operations can resume more quickly compared to sourcing and installing a whole new unit. This minimizes disruption to workflows and ensures that processes reliant on the x-ray can continue with minimal interruption.

Sustainability and Waste Reduction

In an era where sustainability is increasingly important, repairable equipment aligns better with green initiatives. By repairing instead of replacing, there’s a significant reduction in electronic waste. Fewer discarded x-ray tubes mean less environmental impact from both waste and the production of new units.

Flexibility in Maintenance

With repairable x-ray sources, maintenance can often be more proactive. Wear and tear can be addressed before they become critical issues, ensuring the machine functions at its best without sudden, unexpected failures.

Comparing the costs of cannabis decontamination using X-ray versus Ozone (O3)/H2O2 and other gaseous surface cleaning technologies requires considering several factors.

Here’s a general comparison based on the components of each method:

Initial Investment:

Though different, the QUASTAR and Point Source x-ray-based decontamination machines have a perceived high initial cost due to their design and capabilities. This investment can lead to long-term savings.  The question isn’t x-ray, the question is which x-ray technology is selected as they are very different.

Operational Costs:

X-ray Systems:
Operating an x-ray based decontamination system can have recurring costs including energy consumption, maintenance costs, safety measures, and minimal personnel training.  For instance, the disposable point source X-ray tubes require regular replacement, which can lead to ongoing operational expenses. The cost of purchasing and disposing of new tubes can add up over time.

Safety and Compliance:

X-ray Systems:
Regulatory compliance can add to the costs, as there are strict guidelines for the safe operation of X-ray equipment. This might include safety shielding, monitoring devices, and regular inspections.

Ozone/H2O2 Systems:

While they don’t have radiation concerns, gaseous systems have their own safety requirements. High concentrations of ozone can be harmful to workers, and hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer that must be handled with care.

FDA READY: QUASTAR DECONTAMINATION – CULTIVATING CONFIDENCE IN A CHANGING LANDSCAPE

As the cannabis industry evolves, regulatory landscapes shift. While FDA approval for cannabis-specific applications remains on the horizon, QUASTAR X-ray decontamination technology stands out with its existing FDA clearance for blood irradiation. This crucial distinction offers cultivators a distinct advantage in a potentially dynamic regulatory environment.

Shortcuts to Compliance – Traditional cannabis decontamination technologies such as point source x-ray may face more rigorous and drawn-out FDA approval processes if regulations adopt a stricter stance. QUASTAR, already cleared for a closely related use, enjoys a smoother potential pathway to compliance. Cultivators choosing QUASTAR today invest in a future-proof solution, minimizing disruptions and delays should FDA regulations evolve.

Peace of Mind in Uncertainty – Navigating regulatory uncertainty can be daunting. QUASTAR’s existing FDA clearance provides an extra layer of confidence and security. With proven efficacy and established safety protocols, QUASTAR allows cultivators to focus on what they do best – growing high-quality cannabis, not worrying about regulatory hurdles. 

Time is Money – Regulatory compliance, when mandatory, translates to downtime and lost revenue. QUASTAR’s head start in the regulatory race means faster adaptation and shorter lead times should cannabis decontamination become subject to stricter regulations. By choosing QUASTAR, cultivators cultivate not only compliant cannabis but also financial resilience in the face of changing regulations.

Embrace the Future of Cannabis – QUASTAR’s existing FDA clearance positions it as a frontrunner in the potential future of cannabis decontamination. By investing in QUASTAR today, cultivators embrace a proactive approach, safeguarding their businesses and positioning themselves for success in a potentially more regulated market.

Don’t wait for regulations to catch up – choose QUASTAR and cultivate your future with confidence.

Point Source – Chemical-Free Decontamination

The cannabis industry is increasingly prioritizing the use of chemical-free decontamination methods to ensure the safety and quality of cannabis products. X-ray decontamination offers a compelling solution due to its inherent chemical-free nature, providing several advantages over ozone-based decontamination methods.

Preserving Cannabinoids and Terpenes
Ozone (O3) or other reactive gases (H2O2 -hydrogen peroxide), commonly used for decontamination, can potentially degrade cannabinoids and terpenes, the compounds that give cannabis its aroma, flavor, and therapeutic effects. X-ray decontamination, on the other hand, does not involve any chemical interaction with the cannabis product, preserving the integrity of these valuable compounds.  Particular interest should be on the operating temperature of the point source process which may initiate decarboxylation by an increased processing temperate.

Maintaining Product Quality
Ozone can leave behind residual odors and potentially alter the taste and aroma of cannabis products. X-ray decontamination leaves no residue or chemical byproducts, ensuring that the natural characteristics and quality of the cannabis product remain intact.

Broad-Spectrum Decontamination
X-ray decontamination effectively eliminates a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Ozone, while effective against certain pathogens, may not be as effective against others.

Uniform Decontamination
X-ray decontamination provides uniform irradiation, ensuring that all parts of the cannabis product receive an adequate dose to eliminate microorganisms. Ozone decontamination may have less uniform distribution, potentially leaving pockets of untreated areas.

Clean, Residual-free X-ray

The use of Irradiation as a method for cannabis decontamination has gained popularity primarily because of its ability to effectively inactivate harmful pathogens without leaving any residual chemicals or compounds behind.

Unlike some other decontamination methods that rely on chemical treatments (Ozone (O3), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), irradiation works by using energy to disrupt the DNA of microorganisms, rendering them non-viable. This ensures that the final product remains free from any unwanted chemical residues.

Moreover, when dosed correctly, irradiation does not negatively impact the essential properties and compounds of cannabis, such as cannabinoids, moisture and terpenes. As consumer awareness grows, the demand for clean, residue-free products is on the rise.

Utilizing irradiation for cannabis decontamination provides reassurance to both cultivators and consumers that the product they handle or consume is not only free from harmful microbial contaminants, but also free from any undesired chemical residues, ensuring a pure and unadulterated cannabis experience.

KEY:

X-ray is a preferred decontamination technology due to it’s clean residual free process.

Cabinet Point Source X-rays and Onsite Processing

Having an on-site, safe cabinet x-ray for cannabis decontamination provides numerous advantages over transporting the product to an external decontamination facility.

Below are several benefits of onsite cannabis decontamination using x-ray:

Immediate Processing

Having equipment onsite means that cannabis products can be processed immediately after cultivation or at any required stage in the production line.

Cost Savings

Initial setup costs for an x-ray machine can be significant, but over time, onsite processing may lead to savings by eliminating transport costs and fees associated with using external facilities.

Chain of Custody

Maintaining cannabis products within one facility helps ensure the security and integrity of the product. This is crucial for traceability and regulatory purposes.

Flexibility

Onsite machines provide flexibility in terms of processing schedules, allowing for adjustments based on production needs.

Reduced Transportation

Transporting cannabis products to external sites carries risks. These can include product damage, loss, theft, or contamination during transit.

Faster Time-to-Market

By reducing the time spent in transport and waiting for external processing, products can reach the market more quickly.

KEY:

Ultimately, the decision between using an onsite x-ray machine or an external cannabis microbial decontamination provider depends on various factors, including the scale of production, budget, regulatory requirements, and business goals

Proactive Care, Optimal Performance – QUASTAR doesn’t wait for breakdowns. Its repairable design allows for proactive maintenance, addressing wear and tear before it becomes critical. This translates to unwavering performance and minimizes the risk of unexpected hiccups. You’re always in control, ensuring consistent, top-notch decontamination every time.

Beyond Repairs, Beyond Expectations – When you choose QUASTAR, you’re not just investing in equipment, you’re joining a community. Building a relationship with the QUASTAR team grants access to faster response times, tailored support, and potentially advantageous service agreements. Imagine having a dedicated partner in your decontamination journey, always there to ensure your success.

Traditional X-ray might be familiar, but QUASTAR is the future. It’s about lower costs, extended lifespan, environmental responsibility, and a commitment to excellence. So why settle for the old when you can embrace the new?

Contact us today and unlock a new era of efficient, cost-effective cannabis decontamination. Let QUASTAR be your partner in cultivating a safer, brighter future for your business and the industry as a whole.

UNVEILING THE SCIENCE OF SAFE CANNABIS: DEMYSTIFYING IRRADIATION

As cannabis cultivators and consumers, prioritizing safety and quality is paramount. Among the available decontamination methods, irradiation emerges as a powerful tool, but its intricacies might leave some wondering. Let’s delve into the scientific foundation of irradiation, exploring its proven efficacy, gentle nature, and unwavering commitment to your well-being.

The Science of Irradiation – a Targeted Assault on Microbial Threats
Imagine a battlefield where harmful microbes, like mold and bacteria, threaten the integrity of your cannabis flower. Irradiation acts as a strategic bombardment, employing high-energy photon storm to target and disable these microbial foes. Thesephotons penetrate deep into the flower structure, reaching even hidden infestations where traditional decontamination methods might falter. This targeted approach disrupts the microorganisms’ DNA, rendering them incapable of reproduction and posing further risk.

Unwavering Efficacy – a 99.9% Confidence Level in Safety
The effectiveness of irradiation is not a matter of conjecture. Extensive scientific studies and endorsements by major health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) solidify its proven track record. Unlike other methods that might offer variable results, QUASTAR X-ray technology, a cutting-edge form of irradiation, delivers a 99.9% confidence level in eliminating a broad spectrum of pathogens, including mold, bacteria, and viruses. This translates to peace of mind, knowing your cannabis is not only enjoyable but also demonstrably safe.

Gentle Power – Preserving the Essence of Cannabis
While potent against microbes, irradiation treats your cannabis with utmost respect. Unlike harsh chemicals or ozone treatments that can degrade precious cannabinoids and terpenes, irradiation preserves the very essence of your flower. The delicate balance of cannabinoids responsible for the desired therapeutic or recreational effects remains untouched, as does the unique terpene profile that defines the aroma and flavor. You experience your cannabis exactly as it was meant to be, free from unwanted alterations.

Investing in Your Well-being – Prioritizing Safety at Every Step
Choosing irradiation signifies a commitment to both public health and product quality. You prioritize the safety of consumers by ensuring your cannabis is free from potentially harmful contaminants. You safeguard the integrity of the industry by upholding high standards of cleanliness and quality. Ultimately, you invest in a future where cannabis can be enjoyed with confidence and peace of mind.

Knowledge is Power – Embracing Transparency and Informed Choices
At Rad Source, we believe in empowering you with knowledge. We encourage you to explore the science behind irradiation, delve deeper into the specifics of QUASTAR X-ray technology, and ask questions. We are here to provide transparent answers and support you in making informed choices about your cannabis experience.

By embracing the power of irradiation and choosing QUASTAR , you embark on a journey towards safe, high-quality, and thoroughly enjoyable cannabis.

DEMISTIFYING DECONTAMINATION: WHY CANNABIS SAFETY STARTS BEYOND RADIATION WORRIES

Fear of radiation and cannabis often go hand-in-hand, thanks to misinformation and misaligned comparisons. It’s true that naturally occurring radioactive isotopes, like potassium-40, exist in many foods, including bananas and Brazil nuts. These contribute to our daily background radiation, as do cosmic rays and even the sun.

Did you know that humans encounter radiation every day and all day?  Many industries keep you safe by using irradiation to make you safe.

Here is a list of industries keep you safe by using irradiation to make you safe.

Food Preservation – irradiation kills or inactivates bacteria, parasites, and other pathogens in food, extending shelf life. It can also delay ripening and sprouting in fruits and vegetables.

Sterilization of Medical Product – medical devices, surgical instruments, and supplies are irradiated to ensure they’re free of pathogens and safe for patient use. This method offers reliable sterilization without leaving residues.

Blood Sterilization – irradiation is used to prevent the replication of white blood cells in donated blood, reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when transfused.

Pharmaceuticals – some pharmaceuticals are irradiated to ensure sterility and improve safety for consumption.

Insect Pest Control – the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) involves irradiating pests to render them sterile, then releasing them to mate unsuccessfully, thereby controlling pest populations without using chemicals.

Plant Mutation Breeding – seeds are irradiated to induce mutations, leading to new, often beneficial, plant varieties. This can result in plants with improved yield, disease resistance, or other beneficial traits.

Polymer Modification – irradiation is used to modify the properties of polymers, enhancing material characteristics like tensile strength, temperature resistance, and degradation rate.

Gemstone Color Enhancement – some gemstones, like topaz, canhave their colors enhanced or altered when subjected to irradiation.

Water Treatment – irradiation can be used to treat wastewater, effectively reducing harmful pathogens and some pollutants

Mail and Package Sterilization – in response to bioterrorism concerns, some mail and packages are irradiated to neutralize potential biological threats.

Cancer Treatment – radiation therapy involves directing focused beams of radiation to kill or shrink cancer cells, making it a cornerstone of many cancer treatments.

Tissue Banking – irradiation ensures that donated tissues, such as tendons or bone grafts, are free from pathogens, making them safe for transplant.  Do you know anyone that had an ACL replacement?

Cosmetic Industry – irradiation can be used to sterilize certain cosmetic products, ensuring they are free from potentially harmful microorganisms.

Veterinary Products – irradiation can be used to treat wastewater, effectively reducing harmful pathogens and some pollutants.

Remember, choosing QUASTAR X-ray technology for cannabis decontamination means prioritizing both safety and experience. It delivers unparalleled efficacy against harmful microbes while preserving the precious cannabinoids and terpenes you know and love.

Don’t let fear of radiation cloud your judgment; instead, embrace the science behind this game-changing decontamination method and unlock a world of safe, high-quality cannabis.

NO ANODE HEEL EFFECT: WHY QUASTAR® ENSURES UNIFORM CANNABIS IRRADIATION 

In the realm of cannabis decontamination, achieving uniform irradiation is crucial. Uneven exposure compromises both microbial elimination and product quality. This is where the notorious “anode heel effect” of traditional point-source X-ray systems becomes a critical concern.

The anode heel effect arises from the inherent design of point-source technology. Their cone-shaped beam delivers higher intensity rays on the “anode side” while leaving the “cathode side” with significantly lower doses. This translates to uneven pathogen reduction and potential damage to cannabinoids and terpenes due to excessive radiation in hot spots.

QUASTAR offers a distinct advantage in this arena. Its engineered platform was designed specifically for life science applications and overcomes the limitations of point-source x-ray. QUASTAR utilizes a unique geometry that generates a diffuse, uniform beam. This “photon storm” ensures consistent irradiation across the entire target area, eliminating concerns about under-treated zones or quality degradation.

Here’s what this translates to for cannabis decontamination:

Enhanced Efficacy – No hidden flower escape the cleansing power of QUASTAR’s uniform beam. Every crevice receives an adequate dose, leaving no safe haven for pathogens.
Preserved Quality – Gentle, consistent irradiation protects the valuable cannabinoids and terpenes responsible for the therapeutic and sensory properties of cannabis.
Regulatory Compliance – Uniform dose distribution aligns with current and anticipated regulations for cannabis safety and quality, future-proofing your operations.

In conclusion, QUASTAR®’s freedom from the anode heel effect revolutionizes cannabis decontamination. By prioritizing uniform irradiation, it delivers not only thorough pathogen elimination but also protects the integrity of your product. When making technology choices, consider the long-term implications.

Choose QUASTAR, choose precision and quality.

DECONSTRUCTING THE LIMITATIONS OF POINT SOURCE X-RAY: Why QUASTAR® REIGNS SUPREME

While point-source X-ray technology has served diverse applications for over a century, its inherent limitations often clash with the stringent demands of cannabis decontamination.

The Anode Heel Effect: A Shadow Over Uniformity

The Achilles’ heel of point-source systems lies in the anode heel effect. This phenomenon arises from the geometry of the X-ray tube, leading to uneven intensity distribution. The “anode side” receives a concentrated shower of photons, while the “cathode side” languishes in relative darkness. In the context of cannabis decontamination, this translates to a significant concern:

Poorly-treated Zones 
Pockets of the flower, particularly denser buds, may remain underexposed, potentially harboring residual pathogens. Studies have shown point-source systems can exhibit up to 50% non-uniformity ratios, significantly increasing the risk of inadequate decontamination.

Costly Workarounds: Sacrificing Efficiency for Patchwork Solutions

To mitigate the anode heel effect, manufacturers often resort to costly workarounds:

Specialized Product Design
Altering cannabis packaging or flower arrangement to adapt to the uneven beam, introducing complexity and potential for human error.

Proprietary “Parts and Supplies”
Implementing specific filters or collimators to manipulate the beam, adding to operational costs and dependence on vendor lock-in.

These cumbersome solutions hinder efficiency:

Extended Treatment Times
Constantly adjusting setups or re-treating product to ensure thoroughness significantly slows down the decontamination process.

Increased Downtimes
Reliance on specialized parts and expertise introduces vulnerability to maintenance delays and operational disruptions.

Limited Photonic Storm and The Distance Trap

Adding to the efficiency constraints, point-source X-rays suffer from the distance trap. As the distance from the source increases, photon intensity diminishes, further compromising uniformity in larger batches. This can lead to:

Inconsistencies in Product Quality
Different parts of the batch may receive varying degrees of irradiation, jeopardizing overall safety and efficacy.

Increased Process Variability
Maintaining consistent results becomes increasingly challenging as batch sizes grow, adding to quality control burdens.

QUASTAR: A Paradigm Shift in X-ray Decontamination

QUASTAR X-ray technology transcends these limitations. Its innovative platform:

Eliminates the Anode Heel Effect 
Through a meticulously engineered geometry, QUASTAR® delivers a diffuse, uniform beam, bathing the cannabis flower in a gentle yet potent “photonic storm”.

Maximizes Efficiency
Consistent dose distribution minimizes the need for adjustments and re-treatments, optimizing throughput and reducing operational costs.

Conquers the Distance Trap
 QUASTAR®’s superior beam intensity reaches deeper into larger batches, ensuring uniformity and safety even for high-volume processing.

In conclusion, the limitations of point-source X-ray technology pose significant challenges to effective and efficient cannabis decontamination. QUASTAR® X-ray emerges as a transformative solution, offering unmatched uniformity, maximized efficiency, and scalability, ultimately paving the way for secure and consistent cannabis products.

THE DOSING CAROUSEL™: PRECISION DOSING FOR CONSISTENT CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION

In the pursuit of safe and effective cannabis decontamination, precise and uniform dosing is paramount. Rad Source’s Dosing Carousel™ stands out as a groundbreaking innovation, ensuring that every cannabis product receives the exact same level of decontamination, regardless of the flower strain.

How the Dosing Carousel™ Works

• Loading and Rotation: Cannabis-filled canisters are loaded onto the rotating carousel, which smoothly conveys them through the X-ray field.
• Equal Exposure: Each canister occupies a central position within the field, ensuring it receives an equal and consistent dose of photons. This rotation eliminates any variation or concentration of dose in specific canister zones.
• Uniform Dosing: The carousel system guarantees that every part of the cannabis flower interacts evenly with the light source, providing unmatched dose uniformity.

THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF DOSE UNIFORMITY
A Critical Factor in Cannabis Decontamination

In cannabis decontamination, dose uniformity stands as a paramount consideration when selecting the most suitable technology. Dose uniformity ensures that the entire volume of cannabis product receives an equivalent dose of the decontamination agent.

The three parts that determine dose uniformity are Beam Penetration, Beam Flatness, and Beam Symmetry.

Some non-irradiating chemical-based decontamination methods, such as ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gas treatments, can only target the surface of the cannabis flower. Their inability to penetrate deeper into the flower’s structure limits their efficacy in eradicating microbes residing within. This results in sub-optimal dose uniformity, leaving internal contaminants unaffected.

In contrast to surface-active gases, irradiation technologies offer a distinct advantage in dose uniformity. Irradiation involves exposing cannabis products to a controlled dose of radiation, typically X-rays. This radiation penetrates through the entire flower, regardless of its density, effectively reaching and inactivating microorganisms on both the surface and within the flower’s core.

Among available onsite irradiation technologies, QUASTAR X-rays stand out for its superior penetration capabilities. Its high-energy photon storm (2X greater than point source x-ray, c.1895) can pass through dense cannabis material and many containment systems types, ensuring uniform dose distribution throughout the product.

This superior penetration power enables QUASTAR X-ray irradiation to consistently eliminate microbes, even those deeply embedded within the flower.

When selecting a cannabis decontamination technology, dose uniformity must be carefully considered. Irradiation, particularly with high-energy X-rays, offers a clear advantage in achieving uniform dose distribution, ensuring comprehensive microbial elimination and preserving product quality.

KEY
Proper dose measurement and uniformity ensure that all parts of the batch receive adequate radiation for effective decontamination while preserving product quality.

Consideration
All cannabis decontamination methods should be held to the same standard regardless of technology – Dose Uniformity is a logical choice as it considers the ability of the decontaminating agent to contact the pathogens in all areas of the product container.  Gas or chemical decontamination “must” therefore be considered and measured based on the ability to decontaminate the entire volume of cannabis both external surface and internal pockets, nooks and crannies.

BEAM SYMMETRY

Beam Symmetry refers to the evenness or balance of the radiation beam’s intensity across its central access.  *Ideally, a perfectly symmetrical beam would have an even distribution of photon intensity throughout, meaning every point within the beam’s area would receive the same amount of radiation.

Symmetry is essential for achieving consistent results in applications that use radiation, such as cannabis product decontamination. When cannabis is irradiated, the goal is to expose the product to a specific amount of radiation that is sufficient to  inactivate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, without compromising the cannabis’s quality or potency.

A symmetrical beam ensures that all parts of the cannabis batch receive an equal and consistent dose of radiation. This uniformity is crucial for ensuring the entire product is effectively decontaminated and safe for consumption, while also preserving its therapeutic properties.

Technical Issues with Point Source and Heel Effect

Point source X-ray technology, where the radiation emanates from a single point, often suffers from the heel effect. Due to the geometry of the X-ray tube, especially the angled anode plate, the radiation beam’s intensity is not uniform.

The side of the beam closer to the anode has lower intensity X-rays, while the opposite side, closer to the cathode, has higher intensity. This uneven distribution, caused by the heel effect, poses challenges in applications like cannabis decontamination.

When the beam is not symmetrical, some parts of the cannabis batch might receive a suboptimal dose, either too much or too little radiation. This can result in uneven decontamination, with some areas potentially retaining harmful microorganisms, or in degradation of the product quality if over-irradiated.

KEY
Proper dose measurement and uniformity ensure that all parts of the batch receive adequate radiation for effective decontamination while preserving product quality.

QUASTAR® X-RAY: THE POWER OF A BROAD BEAM DECONTAMINATION

Beyond Flashlights and Lightbulbs: Decoding QUASTAR Beam Geometry
While comparing QUASTAR X-ray beams to a lightbulb and traditional point-source X-rays to flashlights offers a basic analogy, it only scratches the surface of the technological chasm dividing them. QUASTAR technology employs a broad-beam geometry, delivering a diffuse irradiation field akin to bathing the cannabis in a gentle photon shower. This stands in stark contrast to the focused, pencil-like beam of point-source systems, which can create hotspots and uneven dose distribution.

Intensity Unleashed: Twice the Photon Storm for Superior Decontamination
QUASTAR boasts unmatched beam intensity, generating over twice the photon flux compared to point-source counterparts. This translates to a more potent “photon storm” capable of penetrating deeper into the intricate flower structures, ensuring thorough elimination of even the most resilient pathogens. This advantage becomes even more critical considering the complex morphology of cannabis flowers, with their dense trichomes and hidden crevices harboring potential microbial threats.

Beyond Eradication: Preserving the Essence of Cannabis
While potent irradiation effectively neutralizes pathogens, dosage control is paramount to safeguard the unique properties of cannabis. QUASTAR technology excels in delivering uniform dose distribution, minimizing cannabinoid degradation. This translates to preserved potency, aroma, and flavor, ensuring the cannabis retains its full-spectrum therapeutic and sensory potential.

Depth Matters: Reaching Every Nook and Cranny
The intense broad beam emitted by QUASTAR also translates to superior penetration depth. Unlike the limited reach of point-source beams, QUASTAR photons extend deeper into the flower, ensuring no pathogen escapes the cleansing power of the irradiation. This comprehensive decontamination minimizes the risk of residual contamination lurking within the flower’s core.

Efficiency: Speeding Up the Photon Flow
Higher beam intensity translates to faster processing times, allowing larger batches of cannabis to be decontaminated with remarkable efficiency. This advantage translates to increased throughput and cost-effectiveness, streamlining operations and enhancing profitability for cannabis producers.

Regulatory Advantage: Compliance Made Easier
Maintaining consistent and appropriate beam intensity aligns with emerging regulatory guidelines for cannabis safety and quality. QUASTAR technology’s inherent compliance advantage minimizes future regulatory hurdles and helps producers stay ahead of the curve.

Beyond Cannabis: A Legacy of Life-Saving Irradiation
QUASTAR technology isn’t merely a newcomer to the decontamination scene. Its parent company, Rad Source Technologies, boasts a proven track record of saving lives through blood irradiation for transplants and transfusions. This extensive experience and FDA clearance for medical applications translate to an established platform with a solid foundation for regulatory compliance in the cannabis industry.

Unveiling the Flower-Friendly Process
In conclusion, QUASTAR X-ray technology, with its unmatched beam intensity, broad-beam geometry, and meticulous dose control, surpasses the limitations of traditional point-source X-ray systems. It offers a powerful, yet gentle decontamination process that effectively eliminates pathogens while preserving the quality and integrity of the cannabis flower. QUASTAR is not just a technological marvel; it’s a responsible choice for the cannabis industry, ensuring both safety and satisfaction for consumers and producers alike.

Embrace the Flower-Friendly Process™ and elevate your cannabis decontamination game with QUASTAR.

QUASTAR® – X-rRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR A BETTER WORLD

In the evolving landscape of cannabis decontamination, ensuring the purity and safety of products is paramount. Leading the charge in this essential mission is QUASTAR x-ray, a name synonymous with innovation and unparalleled efficacy in cannabis decontamination.

QUASTAR is a protected and proprietary x-ray platform that is revolutionizing life science applications. With its superior beam intensity, dose uniformity, and penetration depth, QUASTAR is the most effective and efficient x-ray solution available.

The Flower Friendly Process

This isn’t just a slogan – the Flower Friendly Process is commitment to a method that has minimal-to-no effect on the beneficial attributes of the cannabis plant. Whether it’s the cannabinoids, terpenes, or even the visual quality and taste, QUASTAR ensures the essence of your product remains untouched. Such gentle preservation is pivotal in an industry where authenticity and quality are everything.

Current and Future Regulatory Issues of Using Ozone Decontamination for Cannabis Microbials

The use of ozone for decontaminating cannabis is a topic of increased regulatory scrutiny.  Currently, the regulatory landscape is primarily focused on the safety and efficacy of decontamination processes, ensuring that they do not produce harmful byproducts or degrade the quality of the cannabis.

Given ozone’s strong oxidizing properties, regulatory bodies are concerned about the potential for it to alter the chemical composition of cannabis, affecting the concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes, which are critical for the plant’s therapeutic effects and quality.

Emerging Trends and the Push for Standardization

As the industry grows, there is an emerging trend towards the standardization of decontamination processes. The future of regulatory issues surrounding ozone technology in cannabis will likely involve stricter regulations.

Several studies would need to demonstrate that ozone does not negatively impact the final product. Furthermore, as the understanding of cannabis microbiology improves, regulators might update acceptable microbial limits and the methodologies for microbial control, which could make ozone less viable as a decontamination method, especially as it is a surface/contact only technology.

Ozone is considered inorganic for several reasons

Composition:
Ozone is solely made up of oxygen atoms (O3). It doesn’t contain carbon or hydrogen atoms, which are the building blocks of organic molecules.  Its composition follows the rules of inorganic compounds, which typically exhibit simple formulas and predictable bonding patterns.

Chemical properties:
Ozone exhibits properties typical of inorganic molecules, such as:

High reactivity:
Ozone readily reacts with other molecules, often serving as an oxidizing agent.

Variable oxidation states:
Oxygen atoms in ozone can exist in different oxidation states, leading to diverse chemical reactions.

Formation of ionic bonds:
Ozone can form ionic compounds with metals, further reinforcing its inorganic nature.

Origin:
Ozone formation primarily occurs naturally through processes like atmospheric lightning and ultraviolet radiation interacting with oxygen molecules. These processes are not considered biological, further supporting ozone’s inorganic classification.

Behavior:
Ozone behaves in a manner consistent with other inorganic molecules, readily dissolving in water and exhibiting characteristic physical properties like boiling and melting points.

Comparison with organic molecules:

Unlike organic molecules, ozone doesn’t have complex structures or functional groups specific to carbon-based molecules.
It doesn’t participate in the vast array of biochemical reactions that define organic chemistry0

KEY
In summary, based on its composition, chemical properties, origin, behavior, and clear distinction from organic molecules, ozone is classified as an inorganic molecule.

BEYOND OZONE: COSIDER THE HIDDEN COSTS OF CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION

While ozone offers surface-level decontamination for cannabis, its implementation comes with a hidden burden: extensive safety measures and employee training. Let’s delve into the true cost of incorporating ozone into your cannabis processing workflow.

Safety Equipment Costs

Ozone Monitors – Essential for ensuring safe air quality, these monitors can be expensive, especially for larger facilities requiring multiple units.
Ventilation Systems – Adequate ventilation might necessitate costly specialized exhaust systems or upgrades to existing HVAC, creating an ongoing investment.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Employees may need specific PPE like masks, respirators, gloves, and goggles, adding to equipment expenses.

Training Costs

Ozone Safety Training – All personnel near the ozone application area require training on its properties, risks, and safe handling procedures. This can involve external trainers or specialized courses, incurring additional fees.
Equipment Operation Training – Operating personnel need in-depth training on the ozone generator’s use, troubleshooting, and maintenance, potentially requiring manufacturer or expert training.
Emergency Response Training – Employees must know how to respond to leaks or overexposure, necessitating regular drills and training sessions.
First Aid Training – While crucial for any workplace, first aid training becomes especially important when dealing with reactive gases like ozone.

Safety Signage and Infrastructure

Signage – Warning signs, emergency exits, and exposure instructions add up, potentially requiring digital displays connected to ozone monitors.
Emergency Shower and Eyewash Stations – These critical safety features add to the facility’s infrastructure cost.
Safety Barriers – Restricting access to ozone zones might require additional barriers to ensure only trained personnel enter.

OZONE TOXICITY
While ozone offers a method for microbial reduction on cannabis surfaces, its application comes with a critical hidden cost – employee safety. Mounting scientific evidence underscores the potential health risks associated with ozone exposure, raising concerns for cannabis growers and processors.

Numerous studies link elevated ozone levels to adverse respiratory effects, including:

Increased asthma attacks – Long-term exposure can exacerbate existing asthma and trigger attacks in susceptible individuals.
Decreased lung function – Ozone directly impacts lung tissue, leading to reduced lung capacity and impaired breathing.
Respiratory irritation – Coughing, throat discomfort, chest tightness, and wheezing are common symptoms of inhalation, causing discomfort and potentially impacting worker productivity.

Implementing a safe ozone environment translates to significant financial investments in:

Continuous Monitoring – Ozone monitors require proper installation and ongoing maintenance to ensure safe air quality throughout your facility.
Enhanced Ventilation – Robust ventilation systems are crucial to rapidly disperse ozone and maintain acceptable exposure levels. Specialized exhaust systems might be necessary depending on facility size and generator capacity.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Equipping employees with properly fitted respirators, goggles, and protective clothing adds to operational costs but is essential for minimizing exposure risk.
Employee Training – Comprehensive training on ozone safety protocols, hazard identification, and emergency response procedures is vital for creating a culture of safety and ensuring proper handling of equipment.

Furthermore, regulatory compliance adds another layer of complexity and potential expense. Regular inspections by safety authorities ensure adherence to safety standards, with potential fines associated with non-compliance. Maintaining comprehensive documentation of safety protocols, equipment maintenance, and employee training also demands dedicated resources.

Beyond the immediate health risks, potential disruptions in workflow and decreased productivity can pose additional financial burdens. Stringent safety protocols and necessary downtime for equipment maintenance might impact production schedules and operational efficiency.

Choosing Wisely: Prioritizing Safety and Efficacy

While ozone may seem like a readily available option for surface-level decontamination, its hidden safety costs and limitations raise important considerations. Analyzing your specific needs, production volume, and budget constraints is crucial. Remember, a comprehensive approach that prioritizes both surface and internal sanitization, even if initially appearing more expensive, might offer better long-term value and peace of mind.

By weighing efficacy against the hidden costs of ozone safety, you can make informed decisions that prioritize both the safety of your employees and the quality of your product. Choose wisely, choose a solution that safeguards your team, ensures compliant operations, and delivers optimal protection for your valuable cannabis crop.

THE HIDDEN PRICE TAG OF OZONE: BEYOND THE BUZZWORD IN  CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION

Ozone might seem like a quick and easy fix for microbial concerns in cannabis. However, before jumping on this bandwagon, consider the hidden costs lurking beneath the surface. This discussion goes beyond the buzzword and delves into the true price tag of ozone safety.

Cost Factor #1: Protecting Your People
Ozone demands a robust safety infrastructure to protect your employees from its harsh effects. This translates to:

Costly Monitoring – continuous ozone level monitoring is crucial, requiring investment in multiple monitors for larger facilities.

Ventilation Upgrades –  adequate ventilation systems are essential, potentially necessitating costly modifications to existing HVAC or specialized exhaust installations.

Essential PPE – Equipping your team with respirators, goggles, gloves, and protective clothing is mandatory, adding a recurring expense.

Intensive Training – Employees need comprehensive training on ozone safety protocols, hazard identification, and emergency response procedures. This might involve external trainers or specialized courses.

Cost Factor #2: Regulatory Compliance and Beyond

Ozone implementation isn’t a one-and-done affair. Regular inspections, documentation, and maintenance add to the cost burden:

Inspections and Fees – Be prepared for regular inspections to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Potential non-compliance fees can be significant.
Documentation Demands – Maintaining detailed records of safety protocols, equipment maintenance, and employee training requires dedicated personnel or specialized software, adding to operational costs.
Ongoing Maintenance – Ozone generators require regular servicing, part replacements, and potential upgrades for optimal safety and performance.
–

WHY CHOOSE BEYOND SURFACE-LEVEL DECONTAMINATION

As cannabis cultivators and enthusiasts, we prioritize quality and safety. Beyond potency and compliance, the rich tapestry of terpenes and other aromatic compounds contribute to the unique experience of each strain. But some decontamination methods, while effective against surface microbes, can inadvertently compromise these precious elements.

Oxidative technologies like ozone and hydrogen peroxide, while potent, operate on a principle of direct contact. This means they primarily target surface contaminants, potentially oxidizing the delicate terpenes nestled within the trichomes – the very structures responsible for the flower’s signature aroma and flavor.

The effectiveness of these methods hangs precariously in the balance of several factors: ozone concentration, exposure time, and even environmental conditions. Higher levels, longer exposure, and warmer temperatures all increase the risk of collateral damage, leaving us with potentially compromised flowers.

While a temporary solution may exist in scrubbing away surface microbes, it comes at the cost of sacrificing the essence of what makes cannabis special. For growers and consumers who value the full spectrum of the plant’s potential, alternative decontamination methods are crucial.

Enter QUASTAR X-ray technology. This innovative approach takes a targeted, non-invasive path, penetrating the flower to neutralize internal microbial threats without harming the surface trichomes and their precious terpene treasures.

By choosing beyond surface-level decontamination, we prioritize both safety and quality. We cultivate confidence in knowing our cannabis is free from harmful microbes while preserving the full spectrum of its aromatic and therapeutic potential.

Embrace the full flower: Choose QUASTAR X-ray technology.

Visit Demand Safer Cannabis today to learn more about protecting the essence of your cannabis experience.

Undercover Cannabis Sampling AgentS

Who is a Secret Shopper?

A government employee, acting as an undercover agent, visits licensed cannabis dispensaries to discreetly purchase cannabis samples for microbial testing. These agents play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and quality of cannabis products available to consumers.

Mission Objectives
The primary objective of an undercover cannabis sampling agent is to gather cannabis samples from various dispensaries across the jurisdiction. These samples are then subjected to rigorous laboratory testing to detect the presence of harmful microorganisms, such as mold, mildew, and bacteria.

Modus Operandi
Undercover cannabis sampling agents operate with the utmost discretion to avoid alerting dispensaries to their presence. They blend in with regular customers, making cannabis purchases as they would normally. The agents carefully document the source, date, and time of each purchase, maintaining a chain of custody for the samples.

Importance of Undercover Sampling

Undercover cannabis sampling operations serve several critical purposes:

Monitoring Microbial Contamination
Regular testing of cannabis samples helps identify and address any potential microbial contamination issues in the supply chain.

Enforcing Regulatory Compliance
Undercover sampling allows authorities to verify that dispensaries are adhering to stringent regulations regarding cannabis cultivation, processing, and storage practices.

Protecting Consumer Health
By ensuring the microbial safety of cannabis products, undercover sampling safeguards consumer health and prevents the spread of potentially harmful microorganisms.

In conclusion, undercover cannabis sampling agents play a vital role in safeguarding public health and ensuring the integrity of the cannabis industry. Their discreet operations and meticulous record-keeping contribute to the overall safety and quality of cannabis products available to consumers.

Proper Storage: 
Cannabis should be stored in sealed, airtight containers to prevent exposure to potential contaminants in the environment.

Clean Environment: 
Ensure the environment (room or facility) where the cannabis is processed or stored post-decontamination is regularly cleaned and sanitized.
Proper Handling Protocols: Personnel should be trained to handle cannabis using gloves and to avoid touching the product directly. They should also be educated on the importance of personal hygiene.

Clean Equipment:
Any tools or equipment used in the processing or handling of cannabis should be regularly sanitized to prevent cross-contamination.

In essence, while microbial decontamination processes can effectively clean cannabis, maintaining the cleanliness and safety of the product requires continuous diligence in storage, handling, and environmental control. contaminated products and not adequately cleaned can act as vectors, transferring contaminants to the cleaned cannabis.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OPEN-AIR EXPOSURE POST-DECONTAMINATION
Why is Open Air Exposure a Concern for Cannabis Safety?

Ensuring the safety of cannabis post-decontamination necessitates a thorough consideration of potential risks, particularly those posed by microbial re-contamination or cross-contamination.  A key inquiry in this process should be: “Does the cannabis encounter open air at any point after undergoing decontamination?” A positive response demands a careful assessment of the heightened risks involved.

The Invisible Dance of Recontamination:

Post-Decontamination Exposure – following the ozone decontamination surface treatment, cannabis is left to off-gas whether in a open or closed system.  Anytime post-processed cannabis is exposed to air, such as transfering it from a decontamination drum or tray to a final package there is a reisk and chance to re-contaminate or cross contaminate,

Airborne Invasion – Exposed cannabis becomes vulnerable to aerial assaults by environmental microbes, like the ever-present Aspergillus, ready to colonize and thrive.

Initial Contaminant Settlement – Opportunistic microbe species like Aspergillus can land and initiate colonization on the cannabis surface.

Unchecked proliferation – Without intervention, microbes can thrive, multiplying rapidly and potentially endangering consumers purchasing from dispensaries.

A Stark Reminder

Did you know that a single Salmonella bacterium, notorious for foodborne illness, can divide every 20-40 minutes? In just 12-24 hours, this solitary foe can morph into a legion, highlighting the alarming speed with which microbial threats can escalate. This sobering reality underscores the imperative for stringent controls throughout the entire post-decontamination handling process. Closed processing systems, rigorous hygiene protocols, and minimized open-air exposure become crucial weapons in the ongoing battle for safe cannabis.

Remember, vigilance doesn’t end with decontamination. By acknowledging the open-air conundrum and implementing robust protective measures, we can safeguard the cannabis experience, ensuring the journey from farm to consumer is paved with safety and peace of mind.

OZONE: EFFICACY CONCERNS AND IMPACT ON CANNABIS QUALITY
The pursuit of microbially safe cannabis often leads to exploration of various decontamination methods. While ozone shows promise as a surface-level antimicrobial agent, recent research raises concerns about its efficacy and unintended consequences on the quality of the flower.

Limited Penetration
Unlike other decontamination methods capable of deeper penetration, ozone primarily acts on the surface of cannabis flowers. This leaves potential microbial havens within the intricate bud structure, raising questions about its overall effectiveness in addressing internal contamination.

Cannabinoid Degradation
A major concern lies in ozone’s oxidizing properties. Studies suggest it can negatively impact sensitive cannabinoids, particularly THC, the primary psychoactive compound. Ozonolysis, the process by which ozone cleaves the double bond in THC, converts it to the less potent CBN. This translates to a decline in psychoactive potency, potentially undermining the therapeutic or recreational value of the cannabis product.

Terpene Transformation
Beyond cannabinoids, ozone’s oxidizing action can target terpenes, the aromatic compounds responsible for the distinctive scent and flavor profiles of cannabis strains. This interaction results in the degradation of terpenes, leading to a loss of characteristic aromas and flavors, reducing the sensory experience associated with cannabis consumption.

Chemical Composition Alteration
The complex organic chemistry of cannabis flowers offers a multitude of targets for ozone’s reactivity. Its interaction with various compounds can lead to the formation of unidentified byproducts with potentially unknown pharmacological or toxicological effects. This introduces an element of unpredictability and potential risk into the decontamination process.

IS OZONE A “Kill-STEP” OR “1/2 KILL-STEP” CANNABIS DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGY?​
Unmasking Microbial Mysteries: A Closer Look at Decontamination Methods

Navigating the world of cannabis decontamination can be tricky, especially with terms like “kill-step” swirling around. In food processing, this term represents a critical point where harmful pathogens are eliminated, often through lethal means. But does it translate the same way for cannabis? Let’s take a closer look.

A true “kill-step” for cannabis would signify the comprehensive elimination of all microbial threats, leaving your Cannabis flower clean. However, some methods, like ozone, might fall short of this ideal. While ozone excels at surface-level oxidation, it struggles to penetrate deep into the intricate flower structure where hidden microbes can infest. This creates a blind spot, potentially leaving harmful microbial invaders untouched and ready to resurface later (Secret Shopper Risk).

Imagine it like this: you’re battling a hidden army within the flower. Traditional decontamination methods might take down the frontline troops on the surface, but cunning soldiers deeper within remain unscathed and ready to pounce. This poses a risk not only to consumer safety but also to your yields, testing results, and ultimately, your business.

Instead of relying on incomplete solutions, consider exploring decontamination technologies that offer true breadth and depth. Look for methods that utilize targeted approaches, like QUASTAR’s high-energy photons  to reach every nook and cranny of the flower, leaving no microbe safe from inactivation.

Trust in your cannabis deserves more than a half-hearted victory. Don’t settle for methods that merely mask the problem with surface eradication. Invest in comprehensive decontamination strategies that offer lasting peace of mind, ensuring the safety, quality, and profitability of your product.

OZONE: UNVEILING THE LIMITS OF SURFACE DECONTAMINATION

When it comes to safeguarding the purity of your cannabis, understanding the limitations of different decontamination methods is crucial. While highly reactive ozone gas excels at surface-level sanitation, its application in cannabis decontamination requires careful consideration.

Imagine the cannabis flower as a meticulously crafted fortress, its precious cannabinoids and terpenes guarded by intricate trichomes. Ozone, acting like a potent battering ram, can effectively demolish microbial hordes on the external walls. However, its brute force struggles to breach the inner sanctum, leaving potential invaders within the intricate labyrinth of the flower unfazed.

This limited reach leaves a critical vulnerability – internal microbial threats remain untouched. While surface decontamination might provide an initial sense of security, it doesn’t equate to a true “kill step.” The hidden enemy can resurge later, jeopardizing not only the safety of consumers but also the quality and integrity of your product.

Furthermore, ozone’s potent oxidizing power isn’t entirely benevolent. Its indiscriminate attack can damage precious organic molecules, including the very terpenes responsible for aroma and flavor. This unintended collateral damage diminishes the sensory and therapeutic potential of your cannabis.

So, what does this mean for your decontamination strategy? While ozone serves a niche role in surface sanitation, it shouldn’t be your sole line of defense in cannabis decontamination. To achieve a comprehensive and gentle kill-step, consider exploring technologies that offer deeper penetration and targeted action. QUASTAR’s Photonic Decontamination™, for instance, harnesses the power of controlled photons to permeate the flower’s inner layers, eliminating hidden threats with a 99.9% confidence rate. This thorough approach ensures both safety and quality, safeguarding your valuable product without compromising its essence.

Remember, effective decontamination is a nuanced science, demanding a multi-pronged approach. Don’t settle for incomplete solutions that mask threats without truly eliminating them. Embrace technologies that delve deeper, offering unwavering efficacy without sacrificing the integrity of your precious cannabis.

POINT SOURCE X-RAY – “NOT” INDEPENDENTLY TESTED AND NOT PROVEN

When it comes to cannabis microbial decontamination, the distinction between QUASTAR® through transmission x-ray technology and point source x-ray technology is distinct, especially when discussing the decontamination with x-ray irradiation. Even though both deploy x-rays, the differences in their mechanisms, outputs, and applications can result in definite differences in efficacy and reliability.

Why QUASTAR X-ray? Proven overtime and strain.

Rad Source is the pioneer and global leader in the onsite cannabis decontamination market with over 5 years and over 300 installs, with customer generated, independent lab generated proven test results using the QUASTAR through transmission x-ray source and not point source who is late to the party with different technology.

Specificity of Results

Testing results are intimately tied to the conditions and decontamination equipment under which they were obtained. The fact that QUASTAR x-ray was the specific source used for 5+ years’ worth of testing certainly lends credibility to its efficacy in cannabis decontamination processes and methodologies.

Unique Mechanisms

While both decontamination technologies utilize x-rays, their generation and transmission methods differ. The way x-rays are produced, concentrated, and delivered in the QUASTAR system is different from point source technology.  These differences can impact factors like penetration depth, uniformity of exposure, and effective dose delivery, all of which are vital for consistent decontamination.

Specialization

Not all x-rays are created equal™ –
An analogy can be useful here. Consider two vehicles: a race car and a tractor. Both have engines and can move, but their specific designs mean one is optimized for speed on smooth tracks, and the other for power on rough terrains.

Similarly, QUASTAR’s x-ray source design and proven decontamination results make it specifically optimized for cannabis decontamination. Point source x-ray sources might have their strengths in the imaging market, they haven’t been tested or proven in the same specific context as QUASTAR for onsite cannabis decontamination.